Suplemento CICA Multidisciplinario

Efectos de la exposición prolongada a pantallas en los procesos de atención sostenida y lectura comprensiva en niños de 6 a 10 años

Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0500

This study examines the relationship between daily screen exposure time and performance in sustained attention and reading comprehension among 186 children aged 6 to 10 years enrolled at the Manuel de Echeandía Primary School in Guaranda, Ecuador. The design was quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and correlational-comparative in scope, applying inductive, analytical-synthetic, and hypothetical-deductive methods of the 2024–2025 academic year. Sampling was probabilistic and stratified by school grade and sex. The instruments used were the Family Digital Habits Questionnaire (FDHQ), the d2 Attention Test, and the Reading Comprehension Tests ECL-1 and ECL-2; analysis included Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression. Results revealed statistically significant negative correlations between screen time and sustained attention (r_s = −.41, p < .001) and between screen time and reading comprehension (r_s = −.37, p < .001). Passive video content consumption showed the strongest association with attentional deficits (r_s = −.46), whereas active educational content produced a considerably smaller effect (r_s = −.18). The regression model accounted for 31% of the variance in sustained attention; screen time (β = −.34) and passive content (β = −.27) were the most robust negative predictors, while nightly sleep hours functioned as a protective variable (β = .18). Children with more than three hours of daily exposure scored significantly lower on both cognitive measures.

Factores socioeconómicos asociados a la separación y valorización doméstica de residuos en Ecuador

Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0500

Household waste management is a relevant component of environmental sustainability, especially in contexts marked by territorial gaps, institutional constraints, and unequal access to information and services. Against this background, this article examines the association between socioeconomic characteristics and the probability that Ecuadorian households adopt domestic waste sorting and valorization-compatible disposal practices. The study follows a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental cross-sectional design, a descriptive-correlational scope, and a combined use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Microdata from the 2023 National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment (ENEMDU) were used as the data source, and binary choice models were estimated using Logit and Probit specifications. The dependent variable was constructed as a composite indicator that combines household waste sorting practices with disposal behaviors compatible with valorization. The results reveal a clear socioeconomic pattern. Education emerges as the most influential factor, with a strong gradient in the estimated probability of the observed behavior as schooling increases. Urban residence ranks second in magnitude, highlighting the relevance of infrastructure, municipal services, and territorial conditions for implementation. Income, age, and gender also show positive and statistically significant associations, although with lower magnitude. The comparison between Logit and Probit confirms the stability of the findings. The study provides recent nationally representative microeconometric evidence on household waste management in Ecuador and shows that the adoption of sustainable practices depends primarily on differences in human capital and territorial context. Policy implications point to the need to strengthen environmental education, reduce territorial gaps, and improve local institutional capacity.

Estrategias didácticas para la inclusión de estudiantes con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) en el aula regular

Victoria Monserrath Gálvez Cevallos, Jhosselyn Briggeth García Aldaz — Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0500

The educational inclusion of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in regular classrooms represents a pedagogical challenge that demands specific and contextualized teaching strategies. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of inclusive teaching strategies on the participation and learning of students with ASD in Basic General Education at the Nuestra Señora de Fátima Educational Unit in Riobamba, Ecuador. The research adopted a convergent parallel mixed-methods design, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional structure and a descriptive-comparative scope. Inductive, analytical, and comparative methods were employed for data interpretation. Data collection instruments included: a semi-structured interview administered to 12 teachers (Aiken's V = 0.89), a non-participant observation guide applied across 8 classrooms, a 28-item inclusive teaching strategies questionnaire using a Likert scale (α = 0.87), an academic performance and participation record for 15 students with ASD, and a classroom participation scale (α = 0.82). Results revealed that 67% of teachers apply traditional strategies with minimal adaptations, while family communication (M = 3.75) and visual supports (M = 3.42) were the most consistently implemented dimensions. Students taught by teachers with high implementation of inclusive strategies showed statistically significant differences in active participation (d = 2.12) and academic performance (d = 1.56). It is concluded that the quality of the pedagogical environment is the determining factor in guaranteeing equitable and quality education for students with ASD.

Incidencia de la servucción en valoración del servicio de centros, crossfit, en Cuenca para mejorar la toma de decisiones

Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0500

This article aimed to analyze the main elements of service production—infrastructure, service provider, and other customers—that consumers evaluate in their training experience at CrossFit-type functional training centers. The study is justified by its contribution to managerial decision-making in these centers and to services marketing, as it provides empirical evidence in a local context that has been scarcely explored, such as the city of Cuenca. The research adopted a mixed-method approach, with an explanatory scope and a cross-sectional non-experimental design. Methodologically, it was grounded in the deductive method, drawing on theoretical foundations of service production and consumer evaluation to formulate hypotheses that were empirically tested. In the first phase, a qualitative technique was applied through a focus group, supported by a discussion guide, in order to deepen the understanding of users’ perceptions regarding the elements of service production. In the second phase, a quantitative study was conducted using structured surveys administered to users who pay a monthly membership fee at training centers located in the urban area of Cuenca. The questionnaire included variables related to infrastructure, service provider, other customers, price, usage situation, and consumer life cycle. The results showed that price, usage situation, and consumer life cycle do not significantly affect the evaluation of the training experience. Therefore, it is concluded that such evaluation is mainly based on the structural elements of service production, rather than on contextual variables associated with the user.

Análisis de la vulnerabilidad socioeconómica de la población frente a la amenaza de deslizamientos en el cantón Alausí, Chimborazo 2025

Ana Verónica Guambo Lema, María Transito Vallejo Ilijama — Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0500

Socioeconomic vulnerability constitutes a determining factor in the configuration of disaster risk in Andean territories with high levels of structural poverty. This study analyzed the socioeconomic vulnerability of the population of Alausí canton, Chimborazo province, in relation to landslide hazards during 2025. A non-experimental cross-sectional design with descriptive-correlational scope and mixed-methods approach was implemented, applying 315 structured surveys to households located in areas of high geomorphological susceptibility. A Socioeconomic Vulnerability Index (SVEI) was constructed comprising five dimensions: economic, educational, housing, basic services, and organizational-institutional. Results show that 90.9% of households present medium or high vulnerability levels, with the economic dimension being the most critical, recording an index of 0.770, which reflects the concentration of income poverty, labor informality, and dependence on agricultural activities directly exposed to the effects of landslides. It is concluded that landslide risk in Alausí constitutes a social construction determined by structural conditions of poverty and exclusion, demanding comprehensive interventions capable of articulating disaster risk management with sustainable territorial development.

“Frugal innovation: low-cost solutions for starting a business with limited resources”

Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0500

This article analyzes frugal innovation as a viable and transformative strategy for entrepreneurship in contexts with limited resources, considering the technological, economic, and structural constraints that condition its development. The objective of the research is to examine how technological limitations affect the scalability and sustainability of this type of innovation. Methodologically, the study adopts a qualitative documentary approach, supported by inductive, analytical, and synthetic methods, which enable a critical interpretation of the existing scientific literature. Documentary analysis is employed as the research technique, and categorization matrices and thematic coding applied through Atlas.ti software are used as instruments, facilitating the systematic organization and analysis of information. The results show that frugal innovation does not rely exclusively on creativity, but requires a minimum threshold of technological access for its effective development. Likewise, it is identified that the lack of infrastructure, technical training, and institutional support limits its scalability and sustainability in the context of emerging economies. In conclusion, frugal innovation constitutes a relevant strategy for inclusive development; however, its consolidation depends on the existence of structural conditions that enable the transformation of ideas into viable, sustainable, and replicable solutions.

El impacto socioambiental de la minería ilegal en territorios indígenas: responsabilidad estatal y vacíos en la aplicación del marco normativo

Inti Wayra Toaquiza Chusin, Ricardo Salazar Orozco — Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0500

This research examines the legal responsibility of the Ecuadorian State regarding the expansion of illegal mining in the Amazon, specifically focusing on the provinces of Napo and Pastaza. The main purpose is to identify the regulatory flaws and institutional failures that hinder the effective protection of the rights of nature and ancestral peoples. The study employs a qualitative approach through analytical-synthetic and inductive methods, allowing for the decomposition of factual events to integrate them into the current legal framework. The documentary analysis technique was applied, using the list of cited legal and bibliographical sources as an instrument, highlighting the gap between constitutional precepts and territorial reality. The findings demonstrate that the problem does not stem from a lack of laws, but rather from a systematic omission and limited operational coordination between the Ministry of the Environment, Water, and Ecological Transition and the Energy and Non-Renewable Natural Resources Regulation and Control Agency. It is concluded that the neglect of the duty of custody and the absence of a joint strategy with the Armed Forces undermine the country's environmental sovereignty. Finally, the research suggests that ecological justice in Ecuador must move past isolated enforcement operations to focus on structural reforms that ensure comprehensive reparation and distributive justice, guaranteeing the supremacy of the constitutional mandate over illicit economies.

Legal effects of effective cooperation in the determination of criminal sanctions in organized crime offenses in Ecuador

Carlos Eduardo Puerto García, Danny Xavier Sánchez Oviedo — Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0500

The present research has the sole objective of analyzing in detail the legal effects produced by the legal figure of effective cooperation in relation to crimes associated with organized crime, taking into consideration the principle of proportionality and judicial discretion. The legal problem examined is to determine whether the principle of proportionality is guaranteed through the application of effective cooperation. This research was developed using a qualitative approach, emphasizing a bibliographic review study that analyzes the Ecuadorian legal framework, doctrinal criteria, and relevant jurisprudence. The method applied is purely interpretative, as it directly examines the legal relationship between effective cooperation and the principle of proportionality. The results obtained demonstrate that effective cooperation is a useful tool available to the Ecuadorian State to directly confront organized crime, obtain detailed information about criminal structures, and impose criminal sanctions on those responsible. In order to investigate and prosecute crimes related to organized crime, effective cooperation is employed as a mechanism to support criminal investigations and to assess whether the information provided by the cooperating individual is useful in justifying a reduction of the sentence, thereby allowing an evaluation of whether there is proper proportionality between the offense and the sanction. However, it is still evident that there are no sufficient legal or normative criteria to guarantee an adequate balance between proportionality and punishability, and that its application is primarily justified by the effectiveness of criminal prosecution.

Legal effects of the excessive use of pretrial detention in the Ecuadorian criminal justice system: efeitos jurídicos do uso

Karol Stefanie Jijon Rengifo, Luis Andrés Chimborazo Castillo — Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0500

The legal effects of preventive imprisonment in the Ecuadorian penal system were analyzed. The legal problem of the investigation is based on the fact that in Ecuador there has been evidence of an increase in the prison population of people deprived of their freedom without a sentence of conviction being executed, which is why they have to question whether the measure is being applied in accordance with the legal and international standards that lead to preventive prison, which is the most serious measure of the criminal procedural system, due to which it attacks personal freedom de las personas procesas, para lo cual, para ser dictada dicha medicamente se deben observar principios que la rigen, de lo contrario, se denaturaliza. The type of investigation is a juridical-dogmatic qualitative one, the technique of doctrinary-jurisprudential analysis is applied, with an inductive-analytical method, the scope of the investigation is of an analytical-descriptive type, the research design is of a non-experimental type, the hypothesis formula, bibliographic matrix is applied as data collection instruments which guided us to identify the main results of the investigation. The results warn that the preventive prison is applied in a disproportionate way without observing that it is a measure of ultimate reason, in that its nature is precautionary, for the fulfillment of exclusively procedural purposes, not observing criteria of necessity, proportionality, legality, causing excessive use and serious consequences for the Ecuadorian justice system. It is concluded that the effects of the excessive use of preventive prison are the violation of rights, jailhouse destruction, violation of constitutional principles and sanctions from Inter-American Court of Human Rights.

Impuesto a la renta único agropecuario y su influencia en la gestión efectiva de empresas agrícolas y pecuarias de Santo domingo de los Tsáchilas – Ecuador año 2024

Ana Cecilia Zambrano Núñez, Daniel Andrés Angulo Vélez — Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0500

This research analyzed the influence of the Single Agricultural Income Tax (IRUA) on the effective administrative, financial, and productive management of agricultural and livestock enterprises in Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador, in 2024. The study is justified by the urgent need to strengthen Ecuador’s agricultural sector, which is vital for employment and food supply, thru improved tax management. One identified limiting factor is the lack of knowledge and training on the IRUA. The general objective was to analyze the influence of the IRUA in order to identify opportunities for improving companies’ performance. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, descriptive and correlational in nature. The design was non-experimental and cross-sectional. The population was the universe of registered agricultural enterprises operating under the IRUA. A probabilistic sample of 30 study subjects (accounting agents, managers) was taken. The main techniques were Document Analysis and Field Research via a survey, which included a 13-item quantitative Likert-scale questionnaire and a 10-question qualitative questionnaire with open-ended questions. The quantitative analysis was conducted using Weighted Means (WM), and Pearson’s correlation was proposed for hypothesis testing. Results and Conclusions The results revealed a dichotomy: the effective management of the surveyed companies is high (weighted mean between 3.97 and 4.43), and there is strong agreement that the IRUA incentivizes formalization and frees up resources to improve management (weighted mean P10: 4.20, weighted mean P11: 4.30). Consequently, the alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted: the application of the IRUA has a positive and significant influence on effective management. However, the critical weakness of inadequate training and dissemination by the SRI (mean score: 2.33) was identified, which limits the single tax’s potential for an even greater impact.

Uso del metamizol sódico en la filtración glomerular de pacientes caninos geriátricos

Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0500

This study aimed to analyze the available scientific evidence regarding the impact of metamizole sodium on glomerular filtration rate in geriatric canine patients, taking into account the physiological context of renal aging. This review is relevant for clinical veterinarians due to the frequent use of the drug in patients at renal risk and the limited specific evidence in canine geriatrics. The importance of the study lies in contributing to safe therapeutic decision-making in vulnerable populations. Methodologically, a structured narrative review was conducted using a qualitative approach, employing analytical and synthetic methods. The technique used was documentary analysis, based on the compilation of information from scientific articles. A bibliographic analysis matrix was employed as a research tool for the organization and systematization of the information. Twenty scientific articles published between 2010 and 2024 in academic databases were reviewed. The results showed that renal aging involves a progressive decline in glomerular filtration and increased susceptibility to drugs. Metamizole had a lower direct impact on renal function compared to NSAIDs, although factors such as hypotension, dehydration, or pre-existing kidney disease can alter renal function. It is concluded that metamizole can be considered a relatively safe analgesic alternative for short-term treatment under medical supervision, provided that an individualized clinical assessment is performed.

Parásitos gastrointestinales en loros (psittacidae) en el centro de rescate James Brown, Ecuador

Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0500

Gastrointestinal infections pose a significant challenge to the welfare, conservation, and sanitary management of psittacines housed in wildlife rescue centers. In response to this need, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal parasites affecting birds of the family Psittacidae at the James Brown Rescue Center, located in La Concordia, Ecuador. The research was grounded in inductive, descriptive, and synthetic scientific methods to infer epidemiological patterns, characterize parasitic structures, and integrate findings into a coherent interpretation. Additionally, documentary, field, and laboratory research techniques were applied to build the conceptual framework, collect samples, and perform coproparasitological analyses. A total of 50 fecal samples were examined using the flotation technique with saline solution. Of these, 34 (68%) tested positive for at least one parasitic agent. Identified structures included Cystoisospora spp. oocysts (42%), Ascaris spp.–compatible eggs (26%), Hymenolepis spp. eggs (18%), and Ascaris spp.–compatible larvae (4%). Single infections were the most common; however, double co-infections and one triple co-infection were detected, representing 20% of the positive samples. The high parasitic circulation suggests the influence of environmental and management-related factors such as overcrowding, humidity, and accumulation of organic matter. The presence of helminths with morphological similarities to zoonotic species underscores the need to incorporate molecular techniques for taxonomic confirmation. Overall, the findings highlight the urgency of strengthening biosecurity programs, improving sanitary monitoring, and optimizing animal welfare strategies in wildlife rescue centers.

Prevalencia de problemas periodontales en perros que habitan en la ESPAM “MFL”

Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0500

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of periodontal problems in dogs belonging to the ESPAM MFL, at the veterinary clinic of the Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí Manuel Félix López, during the month of June over a period of three weeks. The teeth of 100% of the dogs were evaluated using the Veterinary Periodontal Index (VPI) to establish the presence and severity of this disease. It was observed that 100% of the dogs had some degree of dental tartar accumulation, 62.5% of the total teeth examined showed lesions from this disease, while 37.5% showed no visible lesions. The inductive method was applied, where each tooth was observed to obtain general conclusions about oral health, and this was complemented by the analytical method, which allowed the clinical signs of the disease to be broken down. Statistical analysis also revealed that gender does not significantly influence the prevalence or severity of periodontal problems, as most indices in Pearson's chi-square tests showed two-tailed asymptotic significance values greater than 0.05. However, age proved to be a determining factor, suggesting that the severity of periodontal disease increases with age. The study concludes that periodontal disease is the most common dental condition in dogs, with this study revealing a high prevalence of periodontal disease, affecting 62.5% of the teeth examined, with visible lesions.

Diferentes temperaturas de almacenamiento sobre la viabilidad, desarrollo embrionario y salud posnatal en pollos cobb 500

Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0500

Egg storage plays a fundamental role in poultry production, as it directly affects the viability and development of the embryo during the incubation process, as well as the final quality of the chicks at birth. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of two storage periods and three temperatures on the incubation parameters of fertile Cobb 500 eggs and the weight of the chicks at birth. The methods used were analytical-synthetic, applying a 2x3 factorial DCA, where the factors under study were: A: storage days 7 and 14 and B: temperatures 16, 18, and 20°C. °C. The following treatments were established: T1 = 7 days at 16 °C, T2 = 7 days at 18 °C, T3 = 7 days at 20 °C, T4 = 14 days at 16 °C, T5 = 14 days at 18 °C, and T6 = 14 days at 20 °C. The variables evaluated were embryonic mortality MET (Early), MEI (Intermediate), META (Late), percentages of first and second chicks, hatchability, weight loss during incubation, chick weight, and the relationship with egg weight. A significant effect (p<0.05) of time and the interaction between time and temperature on MET, first-chicks, second-chicks, and hatchability was demonstrated, while temperature did not affect these parameters; the other variables evaluated did not show any differences (p>0.05). It is concluded that egg storage time influences MET parameters, chick production, hatchability, and of chickens, hatchability, and chick weight at birth, showing a negative effect as the storage period of the eggs increased. It was observed that the storage temperature did not affect the parameters evaluated. It is recommended to limit the storage of fertile eggs to periods of no more than 7 days, keeping them at a temperature range between 16 and 20 °C.

Susceptibilidad in vitro de rhipicephalus microplus frente a mezclas ixodicidas de uso ganadero en Ecuador

Thu, 11 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0500

Acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus microplus is an increasing problem in tropical livestock systems due to the intensive, continuous, and non-rotational use of ixodicides, which reduces the effectiveness of control programs and justifies the need to evaluate the biological response of the ectoparasite. The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility of R. microplus to two commercial acaricide combinations: Flumethrin + Fluazuron (TA) and Fipronil + Ivermectin (TB). An inductive–deductive and analytical–synthetic methodological approach was applied to interpret the evidence, complemented by an experimental laboratory method based on dose–response assessment. A total of 360 adult ticks were collected from cattle in La Piñuela (Canuto, Manabí, Ecuador). The adult immersion test was performed, exposing individuals to five concentrations (0.0125–0.100% and pure concentration) of each treatment. Mortality was recorded after 24 hours of incubation under controlled conditions. The comparative analysis followed a completely randomized design, analysis of variance, and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Results showed that treatment TA significantly increased mortality at concentrations of 0.050% and 0.100%, forming the group with the highest efficacy. In contrast, TB concentrations presented low mortality rates with no statistical differences among them. It is concluded that R. microplus exhibits reduced susceptibility to Fipronil + Ivermectin, whereas Flumethrin + Fluazuron maintains superior dose-dependent efficacy, highlighting the need to strengthen resistance surveillance and promote rotational control programs.

Protección jurídica de los refugiados y solicitantes de asilo en el marco normativo ecuatoriano

Belén Kamela Rodríguez Zambrano, Willam Enrique Redrobán Barreto — Sat, 20 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0500

The investigation analyzed contributions to the Ecuadorian legal system of political asylum and refuge institutions, as legal responses to the global migration crisis. Historically, Ecuador has been characterized by being a receiving country for people seeking protection against situations of vulnerability of their human rights in their country of origin or residence, which has driven the adoption of public policies for protection, guarantee and regularization of migration through asylum and refuge. The investigation has a qualitative approach, has a descriptive-analytical scope, a non-experimental design, employing techniques of jurisprudential, documentary and bibliographical analysis, using the exegetical method, the data collection instruments used were used on bibliographical files, documents and jurisprudential matrix. The results warn that the Ecuadorian legal system, from the Constitutional norm, protects and guarantees asylum and refuge, in compliance with the principles of equality of rights and does not return, however, in practice, access to these institutions is reduced to bureaucratic procedures, which do not guarantee protection effective to their applicants, due to institutions weakened by the lack of operational and economic capacity of the State, which results in a high percentage of denied requests. It is concluded that, despite expanding protection at the constitutional and international level regarding asylum and refuge as fundamental rights, in Ecuador, administrative officials carry out a restrictive interpretation of the law, disregarding the pro-person principle, leaving applicants in a vulnerable situation, which highlights the need for institutional strengthening and international support

Prevalencia de dirofilaria immitis en caninos de la fundación el Gran Roque-Guayaquil

Ana Belén Álvarez Abad, María Karolina López Rauschemberg — Sat, 20 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0500

Canine dirofilariasis, caused by Dirofilaria immitis, represents an important animal health issue and an emerging zoonotic risk. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the parasite and describe the hematological alterations observed in dogs attended at the El Gran Roque Foundation in Guayaquil. A non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional investigation was carried out under a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 30 dogs selected by convenience, giving priority to those that had been in contact with previously confirmed positive cases. For the analysis, inductive, analytical, and synthetic methods were applied, along with statistical procedures. These approaches were complemented by clinical observation, a documentary review, the Knott test and its modified version, blood smears, and complete blood counts. A medical record form was also used to document individual information and clinical history. The results showed that 3 out of the 30 dogs (10%) tested positive for D. immitis, confirming the circulation of the parasite in the area. These animals exhibited characteristic hematological alterations, including elevated hematocrit levels (52%–60%), hemoglobin concentrations ranging from 17.6 to 20.9 g/dL, erythrocyte counts up to 9.97×10⁶/µL, marked eosinophilia (11%–16%), and one case of thrombocytopenia with 113×10³/µL. Overall, these findings highlight the need to strengthen epidemiological surveillance, promote regular deworming, and reinforce vector control measures to reduce risks to both animal and human health