Suplemento CICA Multidisciplinario

Microbiota oral canina (canis lupus familiaris) y su relación con enfermedades periodontales

Elias Marconi Andrade Loor, Mauro Manabí Guillen Mendoza — Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 -0500

The dental and general health of dogs is greatly influenced by the oral microbiota, and one of the most common conditions affecting animal welfare is periodontitis. This research is justified by the need to understand the diversity of bacteria involved and their relationship with the development of periodontal diseases. The objective of an exhaustive literature review was to find and evaluate existing scientific research on the oral flora of Canis lupus familiaris and its correlation with periodontal disorders. To achieve this objective, inductive, analytical, and synthetic scientific approaches were used. The research method used was a systematic review of the literature, and the data were organized and classified using tools such as analysis matrices and bibliographic records. Twenty-five of the 47 articles collected from scientific databases met the inclusion criteria and underwent an in-depth review. The results showed the prevalence of bacterial genera such as Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, and Treponema, which are closely related to periodontal inflammation. Moderating variables that influence the composition of the bacterial profile, such as age, nutrition, and the animal's environment, were also identified. The findings support the idea that the development of periodontitis in dogs is directly related to microbial dysbiosis, although research methodologies vary. Therefore, the crucial importance of veterinarians addressing periodontal health in a comprehensive manner is highlighted, prioritizing prevention, early identification, and the creation of new therapeutic approaches

GnRH y hCG en la sincronización ovulatoria postdestete en cerdas hiperprolíficas: revisión sistemática y análisis crítico de protocolos adaptados a genética moderna

Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 -0500

The synchronization of ovulation in weaned sows is a key tool for improving reproductive efficiency in pig production, a sector facing increasing demands for productivity and sustainability at a global level. In this context, the present study aimed to systematically review the literature on the effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration on reproductive synchronization in weaned sows, as well as to compare the different dosages used in hormonal protocols. The research was a bibliographic review with a qualitative-descriptive approach, using the analytical-synthetic method, based on a systematic search, inclusion/exclusion criteria, comparative analysis and use of descriptive statistics in a non-experimental design. The search was conducted in recognized databases (PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar), considering articles in English and Spanish published between 2010 and 2024. Inclusion criteria prioritized experimental studies and reviews providing quantitative data on estrus, ovulation, and conception rates, resulting in a total of 7 articles for analysis. The results showed that in 5 studies, the administration of GnRH (10–20 µg) increased pregnancy rates by an average of 12%, while also reducing the weaning-to-estrus interval and promoting more precise ovulation. Meanwhile, hCG (1,000–2,000 IU), evaluated in 4 studies, increased pregnancy rates by approximately 10%, improved estrus return rates, and, when combined with inhibin immunization or eCG, enhanced litter size and piglet viability

Integridad pública y rendición de cuentas en la administración del gobierno autónomo descentralizado municipal del cantón Sucre. periodo 2022-2024

Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 -0500

This research was carried out in the Decentralized Autonomous Municipal Government of the Sucre canton, Manabí province, Ecuador, during the period 2022–2024, with the objective of diagnosing the dimension of public integrity and accountability, in order to identify strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for improvement. The research was justified by the absence of technical studies that evaluate the application of the Open State approach in local governments. A mixed-methods approach was applied, with an exploratory and descriptive scope, and a non-experimental design. Regarding the methods, the inductive, deductive, and analytical–synthetic approaches were employed, and for the data collection process a structured observation sheet was used, complemented with a survey applied to officials from different areas of the GAD. The main tool was the Open State Metric, which enabled the assessment of key dimensions such as public procurement, ethics, budgeting, anti-corruption, information systems, and accountability. The results show a high level of institutional openness in most of the evaluated items (0.75), although significant gaps were identified in the use of open formats, the implementation of the code of ethics, and the certification of the anti-bribery system. It was concluded that, although there are advances in institutional transparency, technical limitations still persist that must be addressed in order to consolidate an integral, participatory, and Open Government–aligned public management. Therefore, this research constitutes a practical and theoretical contribution to institutional strengthening in decentralized contexts

Inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad en el gobierno autónomo descentralizado del cantón Bolívar

Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 -0500

The labor inclusion of people with disabilities demonstrates the social commitment of public institutions. This research, conducted in the Decentralized Autonomous Government of the Bolívar canton, evaluates the compliance and effectiveness of inclusive policies, focusing the analysis on aspects such as accessibility, equal opportunities, professional development, and organizational perception. Using a non-experimental and descriptive approach, interviews with authorities and surveys with 196 workers were conducted, using deductive, inductive, analytical, and synthetic methods. The results show significant progress: the GAD exceeds 10% labor inclusion for people with disabilities, doubling the legal minimum. The institution has accessible infrastructure, training programs, and a favorable work environment. However, structural and attitudinal challenges persist: 53.06% of respondents are unaware of the existence of inclusive policies, 38.77% identify technological barriers, and nearly half express doubts about the institutional commitment to inclusion. These gaps highlight the need to strengthen internal communication and consolidate a truly inclusive organizational culture. In response, a comprehensive action plan was developed with five strategic pillars: objectives, actions, responsible parties, indicators, timelines, and resources. It concludes that, although progress has been made, effective labor inclusion requires sustained political will, investment in universal accessibility, and, above all, a cultural transformation that values disability as part of human diversity

Habilidades blandas y su influencia en el desempeño laboral de los servidores públicos de fuerzas armadas-fuerte militar Tapi, Riobamba 2024

Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 -0500

Soft skills influence job performance, especially in military environments such as the Fuerte Militar Tapi in Riobamba, Chimborazo Province – Ecuador, where their lack affects operational efficiency and team cohesion. The main objective was to analyze the influence of soft skills on the job performance of public servants at Fuerte Militar Tapi during 2024, in order to propose strategies to improve their performance and work environment. A mixed approach was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques, with a non-experimental cross-sectional design and a descriptive scope, using inductive, deductive, and analytical-synthetic scientific methods to integrate and analyze the information. The research was conducted in the field through surveys and interviews with 87 public servants selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling, complemented by a literature review to support the theoretical framework. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative data through coding to identify patterns, revealing a general commitment to collaboration but also significant weaknesses in communication, decision-making, emotional management, and adaptation to change, with deficiencies ranging from 7.9% to 49.4%. It is concluded that soft skills significantly influence the job performance of this military personnel, although critical areas remain that require intervention through training and participative leadership strategies to strengthen these skills and improve both performance and the organizational environment

Influencia de las habilidades blandas y desempeño laboral de los servidores públicos del cuerpo de bomberos Casimiro farfán-cantón Bolívar

Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 -0500

The research was justified by the increasing relevance of soft skills in the job performance of the Casimiro Farfán Fire Department, given their direct influence on coordination, decision-making, and operational efficiency—key aspects for the safety of personnel and the community. The objective was to analyze the soft skills of public servants from the Casimiro Farfán Fire Department in Bolívar canton during 2024. These skills were assessed in 28 personnel using a mixed approach with a descriptive scope and non-experimental design. Interviews and Likert-scale surveys were applied and collected via Google Forms, with inductive, deductive, and analytical-synthetic analyses; data were organized in spreadsheets for interpretation. Results showed mostly positive perceptions regarding effective communication and commitment, with more than 70% agreement and strong agreement, reflecting a motivated workforce. However, conflict resolution revealed weaknesses in participation and emotional management, with neutral and disagree responses. Productivity showed mixed results, highlighting a lack of emotional awareness in critical decisions but good recovery after negative outcomes, while proactivity was the highest-rated skill, demonstrating initiative in facing challenges. It is concluded that the study confirms strengthening soft skills and formalizing recognition and incentive systems are essential to optimize the performance and job satisfaction of firefighting personnel, promoting institutional efficiency and quality community service

Enfoques de aprendizaje y factores sociodemográficos como predictores del rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios

Víctor Alejandro Bósquez Bàrcenes, Gabriela Elizabeth Revelo Salgado — Thu, 18 Dec 2025 00:00:00 -0500

This research analyzes learning approaches and sociodemographic factors as predictors of academic performance in university students at Bolívar State University. Academic performance is a key indicator of students' professional success, influenced not only by technical and cognitive competencies but also by learning strategies and sociodemographic aspects. It is based on previous existing theories, highlighting the importance of motivation and sociodemographic factors in student performance. It was developed under a quantitative, descriptive-correlational approach, using the inductive method that began with the analysis of the specific characteristics of the research results to arrive at their generalization, and the analytical method to decompose the variables and determine the existing relationships. A sample of 313 students was used. Techniques such as Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were employed to validate the measurement instruments and structure the variables into underlying factors. In addition, structural equations were applied to determine the dependency relationships between learning approaches, sociodemographic factors, and academic performance. The results show that deep and strategic approaches are positively associated with improved academic performance, while surface approaches have a limited impact. Likewise, sociodemographic factors such as area, gender, parental educational levels, and family type were identified as factors that influence academic performance. The study highlights the need to implement educational strategies that strengthen effective learning approaches and eliminate demographic gaps. This will enable higher education institutions to promote academic success and improve teaching-learning processes

Propuesta de acción para mitigar la incidencia de la violencia de género en la ruralidad sur del cantón Chone

Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 -0500

In rural communities in the canton of Chone, Manabí, Ecuador, gender-based violence is a social problem that must be addressed holistically and contextually. The need to strengthen government policies and promote a culture of awareness to prevent the problem in regions with deeply rooted traditional patterns serves as justification for this study. The main objective was to propose actions to minimize gender-based violence in rural areas of the canton of Chone. Likert scale surveys were administered to 378 residents of the parishes of Canuto, Boyacá, and San Antonio as part of a mixed methodology that included a descriptive and cross-sectional approach, together with scientific methods such as inductive and synthetic. Personalized interviews were conducted with institutional actors, and documentation from previous programs was examined. In addition to finding a series of current institutional efforts, albeit with limitations in terms of systematization and consistency, the results demonstrate substantial interest in awareness campaigns among the community (52%). It is concluded that gender-based violence in these rural regions can be reduced by reinforcing awareness-raising tactics and formalizing programs in territorial development plans. To change cultural norms and advance gender equality in rural areas, it is suggested that inter-institutional partnerships be strengthened and lasting public policies be established

Influencia de factores psicosociales sobre morbilidad laboral en profesiones de alto riesgo del gobierno autónomo descentralizado del cantón Rocafuerte

Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 -0500

The research was justified by the need to understand how psychosocial factors affect the health of operational workers who perform high-risk professions within the Decentralized Autonomous Government of the Rocafuerte canton, where physical and emotional demands are combined with structural and organizational limitations. The objective was to evaluate the influence of these factors on occupational morbidity, describing working conditions, reported health effects, and institutional responses. The study was conducted using a quantitative approach, a non-experimental design, and a descriptive scope, applying a Likert-type survey to 30 operational workers selected for convenience. The analysis was based on inductive, analytical, and synthetic scientific methods, which allowed the data obtained to be interpreted in a manner consistent with the study objectives. The results showed that participants perceived work overload, limitations in autonomy, and poor social support, as well as a high prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints, fatigue, and symptoms of irritation due to exposure to adverse environments. There was also evidence of inadequate equipment and workspaces, which increased physical and psychological strain. It was concluded that unfavorable psychosocial factors and current structural conditions directly affect the health and performance of staff

Evaluación y prevención de los riesgos psicosociales en el centro de salud “A” del Iess Calceta 2023

Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 -0500

In this research, the psychosocial risks faced by the medical staff of the IESS Health Center A of the Bolívar Canton in the Calceta parish, Manabí during the year 2023 are analyzed, structured surveys based on the CoPsoQ methodology were used, the research used a mixed approach applying inductive, deductive and analytical-synthetic methods. This study is justified by its relevance at multiple levels, from the academic field contributing to the strengthening of knowledge about psychosocial risks, in the social field it provides a vision of the need for healthy work environments, at the institutional level the findings are an opportunity to implement prevention strategies in order to safeguard personal well-being and improve the organizational environment, optimizing performance. The results revealed a high workload, emotional exhaustion, double presence, low predictability and role conflicts, however, certain positive aspects were also identified such as the perception of job stability and relatively effective communication, in addition, 60% stated that they were satisfied with their work while 40% indicated that there are contradictions in the tasks assigned to them, it was concluded that there is a need to strengthen institutional support to carry out workshops on the prevention of psychosocial risks, improve time management, encourage internal communication and promote healthy work environments, as proposed prevention measures the following stand out: equitable shifts, active breaks, performance incentives and prevention of workplace harassment, the study provides useful evidence for the institution for the implementation of strategies that safeguard the well-being of staff and improve the organizational climate

Propuesta de intervención combinada en la enfermedad de alzheimer: musicoterapia y estimulación cognitiva

Alexander Fernando Sánchez Jaramillo — Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 -0500

Alzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of dementia in older adults and represents a growing challenge for healthcare systems due to its cognitive, functional, and emotional impact. Given the limitations of pharmacological treatments, this study aimed to design a non-pharmacological intervention combining music therapy and cognitive stimulation for patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease, focused on maintaining preserved cognitive functions and reducing depressive symptoms. A non-experimental, descriptive design with an analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive approach was applied to patients from a specialized neuropsychology center. Data collection involved the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS, Form A), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and a musical preferences questionnaire adapted to the Hispanic context. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group. The intervention consisted of 24 sessions, followed by post-evaluations and a six-month follow-up. The program is expected to help preserve cognitive functions, foster emotional expression, and enhance the well-being of patients and caregivers

Tecnologías de asistencia como estrategia didáctica para el mejoramiento del aprendizaje de estudiantes con discapacidad en la educación superior

Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 -0500

The objective of this study was to propose the use of Assistive Technologies (AT) as a teaching strategy to improve the learning of students with disabilities in higher education. Its methodology was based on a mixed-methods approach; sequential type, descriptive and propositional scope; cross-sectional temporality; field design, convergent sequential; adopting a combination of inductive and deductive methods. The sample consisted of 120 students with disabilities from two higher education institutions in Ecuador, and 10 experts in AT and inclusive education. Two instruments were used: a questionnaire and an interview. The diagnostic results reveal warning signs, with the distribution indicating that the population presents a higher concentration of physical disabilities (26.67%), followed by sensory (21.67%), cognitive (16.67%), and combined (18.33%), demonstrating a diversity that demands heterogeneous inclusive interventions. Although there are indications of acceptance among AT promoters, shortcomings persist in implementation, governance, and the quality of the learning experience, requiring intervention. Therefore, she designed a proposal entitled: "Technology Integration Strategy as a Didactic Strategy for Improving the Learning of Students with Disabilities in Higher Education," which ensures technological interoperability within an inclusive framework that articulates curriculum design, institutional policies, and pedagogical practices with equity and sustainability. Experts validated the proposal and valued it as a suitable strategy for strengthening three interdependent areas: cognitive/metacognitive, technological, and organizational. In conclusion, the proposal presents an analytical and operational framework that positions technology as a catalyst for a more inclusive and responsible higher education

Modelos de gestión ágil para emprendimientos rurales: estrategias adaptativas para mercados cambiantes

Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 -0500

This article analyzes the application of agile management models in rural enterprises in Ecuador in response to the changing dynamics of markets. The study is based on the need to transform traditional management structures into adaptive, flexible, and customer-centered systems. The objective is to identify agile management strategies that enhance the sustainability and competitiveness of these enterprises. A qualitative-descriptive methodology was employed, supported by inductive, analytical, and synthetic methods, applying techniques such as documentary review, semi-structured interviews with rural entrepreneurs, and a bibliographic inventory. The results show that practices such as Scrum, Kanban, and Lean methodologies can be adapted to the rural environment, provided they are culturally and organizationally contextualized. The conclusions indicate that agile management fosters innovation, improves responsiveness to change, and strengthens collaborative networks, making it a viable alternative to promote rural development in Ecuador

Estrategia pedagógica para el fortalecimiento de los intereses vocacionales en estudiantes de bachillerato técnico de la especialidad: industria de la confección

Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 -0500

This research aimed to design a pedagogical strategy focused on strengthening the vocational interests of third-year students in the technical high school program specializing in Garment Industry at the Quito Public Educational Unit. The study addressed the need to align technical training with the interests, expectations, and aspirations of young people in a context where career choices often lack a systematic guidance process. A mixed-methods approach was employed, with a descriptive scope and sequential design. Data collection involved structured surveys administered to students and teachers, semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders in the production sector, and an expert validation guide to evaluate the proposed strategy. The results revealed a weak connection between institutional vocational guidance processes and students' professional aspirations, as well as limited engagement with families and companies in the textile sector. Based on this diagnosis, a multifactorial pedagogical strategy was developed, organized into three phases: situational analysis, modeling of the practical application, and validation. The proposal was positively evaluated by specialists in terms of relevance, feasibility, and innovation. It is concluded that the implementation of contextualized, integrative, and collaborative pedagogical strategies significantly contributes to strengthening students' vocational identity and to a more coherent transition between technical training and the choice of higher education

Impacto de la fertilización orgánica comercial y artesanal en el comportamiento y rentabilidad del forraje pennisetum sp

Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 -0500

El estudio se desarrolló en parcelas con pasto King Grass verde, donde se aplicó abonos orgánicos para evaluar la producción forrajera con el objetivo de mejorar los rendimientos ganaderos especialmente para su implementación en épocas de estiaje. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo e hipotético y una técnica experimental con análisis estadístico de bloques completamente al azar con cuatro tratamientos y cinco repeticiones. Primero se realizó un corte de igualación a 20cm del suelo. El ensayo duró 60 días. Los tratamientos fueron: T1:biocompost (comercial), con una dosis de 22 libras por parcela; T2:biol supermagro (artesanal), con 18 cc +2,5 litros de agua por parcela; T3:humus, con 9 cc +2,5 litros de agua por parcela; T4:Testigo, sin fertilizante. Las variables se modelaron utilizando Modelos Lineales Generales y Mixtos (MLGM). Se aplicó la prueba de Tukey al 0,05%. El tratamiento con biocompost reportó el mayor rendimiento con 53.500 kg/ha, seguido por el Humus y el Biol Supermagro con 51.462 y 51.337 kg/ha, respectivamente. El tratamiento control sin fertilizante mostró un rendimiento significativamente menor de 42.512 kg/ha. En términos económicos, el humus resultó ser el fertilizante más costoso, mientras que el tratamiento control sin abono tuvo el costo más bajo de inversión con $64,50. En conclusión, la utilización de biofertilizantes incrementa el rendimiento del King Grass por hectárea, generando una mayor cantidad de forraje verde. Aunque el costo de producción aumenta debido al gasto en fertilizantes, se justifica la inversión en biofertilizantes para mejorar la productividad y rentabilidad del cultivo de King Grass verde