Microbiota oral canina (canis lupus familiaris) y su relación con enfermedades periodontales Canine oral microbiota (canis lupus familiaris) and its relationship to periodontal diseases
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Abstract
The dental and general health of dogs is greatly influenced by the oral microbiota, and one of the most common conditions affecting animal welfare is periodontitis. This research is justified by the need to understand the diversity of bacteria involved and their relationship with the development of periodontal diseases. The objective of an exhaustive literature review was to find and evaluate existing scientific research on the oral flora of Canis lupus familiaris and its correlation with periodontal disorders. To achieve this objective, inductive, analytical, and synthetic scientific approaches were used. The research method used was a systematic review of the literature, and the data were organized and classified using tools such as analysis matrices and bibliographic records. Twenty-five of the 47 articles collected from scientific databases met the inclusion criteria and underwent an in-depth review. The results showed the prevalence of bacterial genera such as Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, and Treponema, which are closely related to periodontal inflammation. Moderating variables that influence the composition of the bacterial profile, such as age, nutrition, and the animal's environment, were also identified. The findings support the idea that the development of periodontitis in dogs is directly related to microbial dysbiosis, although research methodologies vary. Therefore, the crucial importance of veterinarians addressing periodontal health in a comprehensive manner is highlighted, prioritizing prevention, early identification, and the creation of new therapeutic approaches
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