Zonificación y caracterización fenotípica del ganado bovino criollo. El Carmen - Manabí - Ecuador Zoning and phenotypic characterization of creole cattle. El Carmen - Manabí - Ecuador

Abstract

Creole cattle descended from animals brought on the second travel of Colón, to Ecuador for the first time in 1532. At present there are 12 populations: wild cattle from the páramo, chusco, Creole from the Santa Elena peninsula, Ecuadorian Creole, Esmeraldeño, Galapagueño, jaspeado Manabita, Macabea, Moro and Zarumeño. These animals are triple-purpose (milk, meat and work), recognized for their meekness, resistance and rusticity, excellent fertility, ease in calving, greater survival of the offspring and greater longevity, adapted to poor conditions of feeding, environment and management, and even so they present acceptable reproductive and productive indices, characteristics that should be conserved and used in a sustainable and sustainable way. Therefore, the following objectives were proposed: Identify the areas in the El Carmen canton where Creole cattle are found, determine the population of Creole cattle and characterize them phenotypically. From the records, the land use of the municipal GAD (2014), the information of the cultivated pasture area was obtained, with which the map was made, to identify the livestock areas, surveys were applied to the livestock farmers of said areas, The data were organized and tabulated in the Excel sheet, for phenotypic characterization, descriptive statistics were carried out. The livestock areas with the existence of Creole cattle are: San Pedro de Suma, Santa María, La Bramadora and Paraíso La Catorce. 44 Creole cattle were found, of which 5 are male and 39 are female. They have opistoceros horns, small ears with horizontal orientation, in terms of the coat the monocolor predominates, highlighting the white color, both the pigmentation of the mucosa and the hooves are black, the hair is short and smooth, the dewlap is discontinuous, They do not present an umbilical fold and have a large tassel