Factores socioeconómicos asociados a la separación y valorización doméstica de residuos en Ecuador Socioeconomic factors associated with household waste separation and valorization in Ecuador
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A gestão domiciliar de resíduos constitui um componente relevante da sustentabilidade ambiental, especialmente em contextos marcados por desigualdades territoriais, limitações institucionais e acesso desigual à informação e aos serviços. Nesse contexto, este artigo analisa a associação entre as características socioeconômicas e a probabilidade de os domicílios equatorianos adotarem práticas domésticas de separação e de destinação compatível com a valorização de resíduos. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida sob uma abordagem quantitativa, com desenho não experimental e de corte transversal, alcance descritivo-correlacional e uso combinado de estatística descritiva e inferencial. Foram utilizados microdados da Encuesta Nacional de Empleo, Desempleo y Subempleo (ENEMDU) de 2023 como fonte de informação, e estimaram-se modelos de escolha binária com especificações Logit e Probit. A variável dependente foi construída como um indicador composto que integra práticas de separação de resíduos e formas de destinação compatíveis com valorização. Os resultados revelam um padrão socioeconômico nítido. A escolaridade emerge como o fator de maior relevância empírica, com um gradiente crescente na probabilidade estimada do comportamento observado à medida que aumenta o nível educacional. A residência em área urbana ocupa a segunda posição em magnitude, destacando a importância da infraestrutura, dos serviços municipais e das condições territoriais de implementação. Renda, idade e sexo também apresentam associações positivas e estatisticamente significativas, embora de menor intensidade. A comparação entre Logit e Probit confirma a estabilidade dos achados. O estudo oferece evidência microeconométrica recente, com abrangência nacional, sobre a gestão domiciliar de resíduos no Equador e mostra que a adoção de práticas sustentáveis depende principalmente de diferenças em capital humano e contexto territorial. As implicações de política apontam para a necessidade de fortalecer a educação ambiental, reduzir desigualdades territoriais e ampliar a capacidade institucional local.
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